Jaw Cysts

Jaw cysts are fluid-filled cavities that form within or around the jaw and can vary in size and type. These cysts are usually benign but can sometimes cause serious problems. Treatment options for jaw cysts depend on the type, growth stage, and symptoms of the cyst. Specialist surgeons typically treat jaw cysts surgically.

What is a Jaw Cyst?

Jaw cysts are relatively rare growths or lesions that develop in the jawbone or the soft tissues of the mouth and face. Jaw tumors and cysts can vary greatly in size and severity. These growths are generally not cancerous but can be aggressive, expanding and displacing or destroying surrounding bone, tissue, and teeth.

What Are the Symptoms of a Jaw Cyst?

Cysts are abnormal masses of tissue that can contain fluid or semi-solid material. Symptoms of jaw tumors and cysts can vary depending on the size and location of the cyst. Jaw tumors and cysts can cause a variety of symptoms, including:

• Jaw pain: Pain may occur when the cyst starts to press against or affect the jawbone. This pain can be constant or intermittent and may increase over time.
• Swelling: As the cyst grows, there may be swelling and puffiness in the jaw area. This swelling usually develops slowly and becomes noticeable under the skin or around the jaw.
• Dental problems: A jaw cyst can press against tooth roots or gums, leading to sensitivity, looseness, or loss of teeth.
• Difficulty swallowing: Large jaw cysts can cause difficulty swallowing by exerting pressure on the jaw and throat area.
• Gum sensitivity: If the cyst is near the tooth roots, it can cause gum sensitivity or swelling.
• Sinus problems: An upper jaw cyst near the sinus cavity can cause a feeling of pressure or blockage in the sinuses.
• Facial asymmetry: Large jaw cysts can cause facial asymmetry and create an outward protrusion in the jaw area.

What Causes Jaw Cysts?

The causes of jaw tumors and cysts are usually unknown, but some may be associated with genetic changes (mutations) or genetic syndromes. In most cases, the cause of the tumor or cyst is unknown. Odontogenic tumors and cysts develop from cells involved in tooth development. Other tumors affecting the jaws can develop from other tissues within the jaw, such as bone or soft tissue cells unrelated to the teeth. Some factors that may contribute to the formation of jaw cysts include:

• Inflammation of tooth roots
• Tooth decay and infections
• Tooth cysts
• Injuries or trauma to the jaw area
• Complications after tooth extraction
• Genetic factors

What Are the Treatment Methods for Jaw Cysts?

Treatment for jaw cysts depends on the size, type, and symptoms of the cyst, but surgery is planned for most tumors. If the jaw cyst is large or symptomatic, it may need to be surgically removed. This procedure is usually performed under local or general anesthesia. During surgery, the surgeon removes the jaw cyst, which may also involve removing nearby teeth, tissues, and jawbone. If a large cyst needs to be drained quickly, the fluid inside the cyst can be drained. This can reduce the volume of the cyst and relieve symptoms, but it is generally a temporary solution as there is a risk of the cyst recurring. If the cyst is infected or there is a risk of infection, antibiotic treatment may be prescribed to control the infection and treat the cyst. Long-term follow-up examinations after treatment can detect the recurrence of jaw tumors and cysts. Early detection of recurrence is important so that appropriate treatment can be planned.

Jaw cysts are a condition caused by various factors and can cause discomfort in daily life. They are usually removed surgically by specialist surgeons. Patients with jaw cyst issues can make appointments at oral and dental health clinics and start their treatments. Appointments can be requested via phone or by using an online request form.